[Frequency of diabetic retinopathy and associated factors in Puerto Montt, Chile]. / Estudio de prevalencia de retinopatía diabética en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 de la comuna de Puerto Montt y sus factores asociados.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of decreased visual acuity, whose prevalence has increased between 1990 and 2020. In Chile the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was estimated at 24.8%. AIM: To assess the prevalence of DR in a southern Chilean city. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From a database of diabetic patients attending primary health care centers at Puerto Montt, Chile, 196 patients with DR and 392 patients without DR, matched by age and presence of chronic complications, were chosen for this case-control study. RESULTS: The prevalence of DR in the database of diabetic patients was 33.3%. glycated hemoglobin, the frequency insulin use, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, microalbuminuria, and proteinuria were significantly worse in cases. A multivariate analysis showed that retinopathy is much more likely to occur when the variables insulin use, neuropathy, and microalbuminuria concur. CONCLUSIONS: DR was associated with worse metabolic parameters and the presence of neuropathy in this case control study.

Estudio de prevalencia de retinopatía diabética en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 de la comuna de Puerto Montt y sus factores asociados / Frequency of diabetic retinopathy and associated factors in Puerto Montt, Chile

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of decreased visual acuity, whose prevalence has increased between 1990 and 2020. In Chile the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was estimated at 24.8%. AIM: To assess the prevalence of DR in a southern Chilean city. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From a database of diabetic patients attending primary health care centers at Puerto Montt, Chile, 196 patients with DR and 392 patients without DR, matched by age and presence of chronic complications, were chosen for this case-control study. RESULTS: The prevalence of DR in the database of diabetic patients was 33.3%. glycated hemoglobin, the frequency insulin use, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, microalbuminuria, and proteinuria were significantly worse in cases. A multivariate analysis showed that retinopathy is much more likely to occur when the variables insulin use, neuropathy, and microalbuminuria concur. CONCLUSIONS: DR was associated with worse metabolic parameters and the presence of neuropathy in this case control study.

Asociación entre sedentarismo y malos hábitos alimentarios en estudiantes de nutrición / Association between sedentarism and bad dietary habits among nutrition students

El sedentarismo se relaciona con disminución a la sensibilidad de insulina y acumulación de tejido adiposo visceral. Lo que sumado a malos hábitos alimentarios, explican en parte el aumento global de sobrepeso y obesidad. En Chile el exceso de peso afecta a 64,4% y el sedentarismo al 88,6% de la población.El objetivo es determinar los niveles de sedentarismo en los estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética y evaluar si existe asociación con sus hábitos alimentarios. Se evaluaron 607 estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética aplicándoles una evaluación antropométrica de peso y talla, una encuesta de evaluación alimentaria y una encuesta de actividad física. Resultados: El porcentaje de mujeres sedentarias fue significativamente mayor que en los hombres (74,3% v/s 40,5%). Además,las mujeres que nunca cenabancasi duplicaron el porcentaje observado en los hombres. Finalmente,al comparar 2 grupos de estudiantes, unocompuesto por los que nunca desayunaban, ni cenaban y otro por los que desayunaban y cenaban todos los días,se determinó que existe asociación entre actividad física y la conducta alimentaria (♩2= 10,56; p=0.001) En este estudio se determinó que los individuos jóvenes sedentarios presentaban un mal comportamiento alimentario que quienes realizaban algún tipo de actividad física. Nuestros resultados sugieren que realizar algún tipo de actividad física se asocia a un mejor patrón de alimentación(AU)

A sedentary lifestyle is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue. Which combined with poor eating habits, explain the overall increase in overweight and obesity. In Chile overweight it affects 64.4% and 88.6% sedentary population. The objective was to determine the levels of sedentarism in Nutrition and Dietetics students's and evaluate whether there is an association with eating habits. 607 students from Nutrition and Dietetics were evaluated by applying an anthropometric weight and height assessment, a food assessment survey and a physical activity survey. Results: The percentage of sedentary women was significantly higher than in men (74.3% v / s 40.5%), also women who never eat dinner nearly twice the percentage observed in men. Finally, students who performed some type of physical activity had a significantly higher percentage in the frequency of consumption of breakfast and dinner, with respect to sedentary students. Determining an association between physical activity and eating behaviour (♩2= 10,56; p=0.001). This study determined that young sedentary individuals had a worse eating habits than those who performed some type of physical activity. Our results suggest that perform some type of physical activity is associated with better eating pattern(AU)